Chapter 2: Descriptive Statistics for Example Variables



Descriptives


Descriptive StatisticsDescriptive Statistics, table, 1 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 6 columns and 6 rows
  N Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation
age: Age in Years 550 80 97 84.93 3.430
grip: Grip Strength in Pounds 550 0 19 9.11 2.983
cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome 550 0 44 24.82 10.989
Valid N (listwise) 550        


Crosstabs


Case Processing SummaryCase Processing Summary, table, 3 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 7 columns and 5 rows
  Cases
Valid Missing Total
N Percent N Percent N Percent
sexMW: Sex (0=Men, 1=Women) * demgroup: Dementia Diagnosis (1=None, 2=Future, 3=Current) 550 96.8% 18 3.2% 568 100.0%
sexMW: Sex (0=Men, 1=Women) * demgroup: Dementia Diagnosis (1=None, 2=Future, 3=Current) CrosstabulationsexMW: Sex (0=Men, 1=Women) * demgroup: Dementia Diagnosis (1=None, 2=Future, 3=Current) Crosstabulation, table, Count, 1 layers, 2 levels of column headers and 2 levels of row headers, table with 6 columns and 7 rows
Count
  demgroup: Dementia Diagnosis (1=None, 2=Future, 3=Current) Total
1None 2Future 3Current
sexMW: Sex (0=Men, 1=Women) 0 168 40 19 227
1 231 69 23 323
Total 399 109 42 550


Correlations


CorrelationsCorrelations, table, 1 levels of column headers and 2 levels of row headers, table with 6 columns and 14 rows
  age: Age in Years grip: Grip Strength in Pounds sexMW: Sex (0=Men, 1=Women) cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome
age: Age in Years Pearson Correlation 1 -.184 .046 -.170
Sig. (2-tailed)   .000 .286 .000
N 550 550 550 550
grip: Grip Strength in Pounds Pearson Correlation -.184 1 -.403 .242
Sig. (2-tailed) .000   .000 .000
N 550 550 550 550
sexMW: Sex (0=Men, 1=Women) Pearson Correlation .046 -.403 1 -.236
Sig. (2-tailed) .286 .000   .000
N 550 550 568 550
cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome Pearson Correlation -.170 .242 -.236 1
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000  
N 550 550 550 550


Eq 2.3: Empty Means Model



Mixed Model Analysis



[Chapter2] C:\Dropbox\PilesOfVariance\Chapter2\SPSS\SPSS_Chapter2.sav


WarningsWarnings, table, 0 levels of column headers and 0 levels of row headers, table with 1 columns and 2 rows
A(n) FIXED subcommand has no specifications and will therefore be ignored.
Model DimensionaModel Dimension, table, 1 levels of column headers and 2 levels of row headers, table with 4 columns and 6 rows
  Number of Levels Number of Parameters
Fixed Effects Intercept 1 1
Residual   1
Total 1 2
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.
Information CriteriaaInformation Criteria, table, 0 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 2 columns and 8 rows
-2 Restricted Log Likelihood 4196.098
Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) 4198.098
Hurvich and Tsai's Criterion (AICC) 4198.105
Bozdogan's Criterion (CAIC) 4203.406
Schwarz's Bayesian Criterion (BIC) 4202.406
The information criteria are displayed in smaller-is-better form.
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Fixed Effects


Type III Tests of Fixed EffectsaType III Tests of Fixed Effects, table, 1 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 5 columns and 4 rows
Source Numerator df Denominator df F Sig.
Intercept 1 549 2806.153 .000
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.
Estimates of Fixed EffectsaEstimates of Fixed Effects, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 8 columns and 5 rows
Parameter Estimate Std. Error df t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
Intercept 24.821818 .468574 549 52.973 .000 23.901401 25.742235
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Covariance Parameters


Estimates of Covariance ParametersaEstimates of Covariance Parameters, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 7 columns and 5 rows
Parameter Estimate Std. Error Wald Z Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
Residual 120.758722 7.288654 16.568 .000 107.285837 135.923522
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Eq 2.4: Adding Age (0=85)



Mixed Model Analysis


Model DimensionaModel Dimension, table, 1 levels of column headers and 2 levels of row headers, table with 4 columns and 7 rows
  Number of Levels Number of Parameters
Fixed Effects Intercept 1 1
age85 1 1
Residual   1
Total 2 3
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.
Information CriteriaaInformation Criteria, table, 0 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 2 columns and 8 rows
-2 Restricted Log Likelihood 4182.081
Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) 4184.081
Hurvich and Tsai's Criterion (AICC) 4184.088
Bozdogan's Criterion (CAIC) 4189.387
Schwarz's Bayesian Criterion (BIC) 4188.387
The information criteria are displayed in smaller-is-better form.
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Fixed Effects


Type III Tests of Fixed EffectsaType III Tests of Fixed Effects, table, 1 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 5 columns and 5 rows
Source Numerator df Denominator df F Sig.
Intercept 1 548 2874.261 .000
age85 1 548 16.398 .000
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.
Estimates of Fixed EffectsaEstimates of Fixed Effects, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 8 columns and 6 rows
Parameter Estimate Std. Error df t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
Intercept 24.781837 .462243 548 53.612 .000 23.873852 25.689822
age85 -.546091 .134856 548 -4.049 .000 -.810988 -.281194
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Covariance Parameters


Estimates of Covariance ParametersaEstimates of Covariance Parameters, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 7 columns and 5 rows
Parameter Estimate Std. Error Wald Z Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
Residual 117.464155 7.096269 16.553 .000 104.347583 132.229490
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Eq 2.4: Adding Original Age Instead



Mixed Model Analysis


Model DimensionaModel Dimension, table, 1 levels of column headers and 2 levels of row headers, table with 4 columns and 7 rows
  Number of Levels Number of Parameters
Fixed Effects Intercept 1 1
age 1 1
Residual   1
Total 2 3
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.
Information CriteriaaInformation Criteria, table, 0 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 2 columns and 8 rows
-2 Restricted Log Likelihood 4182.081
Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) 4184.081
Hurvich and Tsai's Criterion (AICC) 4184.088
Bozdogan's Criterion (CAIC) 4189.387
Schwarz's Bayesian Criterion (BIC) 4188.387
The information criteria are displayed in smaller-is-better form.
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Fixed Effects


Type III Tests of Fixed EffectsaType III Tests of Fixed Effects, table, 1 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 5 columns and 5 rows
Source Numerator df Denominator df F Sig.
Intercept 1 548 38.585 .000
age 1 548 16.398 .000
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.
Estimates of Fixed EffectsaEstimates of Fixed Effects, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 8 columns and 6 rows
Parameter Estimate Std. Error df t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
Intercept 71.199532 11.462166 548 6.212 .000 48.684372 93.714693
age -.546091 .134856 548 -4.049 .000 -.810988 -.281194
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Covariance Parameters


Estimates of Covariance ParametersaEstimates of Covariance Parameters, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 7 columns and 5 rows
Parameter Estimate Std. Error Wald Z Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
Residual 117.464155 7.096269 16.553 .000 104.347583 132.229490
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Eq 2.6: Adding Grip (0=9)



Mixed Model Analysis


Model DimensionaModel Dimension, table, 1 levels of column headers and 2 levels of row headers, table with 4 columns and 8 rows
  Number of Levels Number of Parameters
Fixed Effects Intercept 1 1
age85 1 1
grip9 1 1
Residual   1
Total 3 4
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.
Information CriteriaaInformation Criteria, table, 0 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 2 columns and 8 rows
-2 Restricted Log Likelihood 4157.480
Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) 4159.480
Hurvich and Tsai's Criterion (AICC) 4159.487
Bozdogan's Criterion (CAIC) 4164.784
Schwarz's Bayesian Criterion (BIC) 4163.784
The information criteria are displayed in smaller-is-better form.
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Fixed Effects


Type III Tests of Fixed EffectsaType III Tests of Fixed Effects, table, 1 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 5 columns and 6 rows
Source Numerator df Denominator df F Sig.
Intercept 1 547 2987.969 .000
age85 1 547 9.705 .002
grip9 1 547 27.106 .000
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.
Estimates of Fixed EffectsaEstimates of Fixed Effects, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 8 columns and 7 rows
Parameter Estimate Std. Error df t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
Intercept 24.700784 .451880 547 54.662 .000 23.813152 25.588415
age85 -.417585 .134046 547 -3.115 .002 -.680893 -.154278
grip9 .802482 .154136 547 5.206 .000 .499710 1.105253
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Covariance Parameters


Estimates of Covariance ParametersaEstimates of Covariance Parameters, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 7 columns and 5 rows
Parameter Estimate Std. Error Wald Z Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
Residual 112.122824 6.779776 16.538 .000 99.591914 126.230405
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test  (Model R2 Test)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 7 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 -.417585 .134046 547 0 -3.115 .002 -.680893 -.154278
L2 .802482 .154136 547 0 5.206 .000 .499710 1.105253
a. Model R2 Test
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.
Test of ContrastsaTest of Contrasts, table, 1 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 5 columns and 4 rows
Source Numerator df Denominator df F Sig.
Model R2 Test 2 547 22.142 .000
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Eq 2.7: Adding Sex (0=M, 1=W)



Mixed Model Analysis


Model DimensionaModel Dimension, table, 1 levels of column headers and 2 levels of row headers, table with 4 columns and 9 rows
  Number of Levels Number of Parameters
Fixed Effects Intercept 1 1
age85 1 1
grip9 1 1
sexMW 1 1
Residual   1
Total 4 5
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.
Information CriteriaaInformation Criteria, table, 0 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 2 columns and 8 rows
-2 Restricted Log Likelihood 4141.117
Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) 4143.117
Hurvich and Tsai's Criterion (AICC) 4143.125
Bozdogan's Criterion (CAIC) 4148.420
Schwarz's Bayesian Criterion (BIC) 4147.420
The information criteria are displayed in smaller-is-better form.
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Fixed Effects


Type III Tests of Fixed EffectsaType III Tests of Fixed Effects, table, 1 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 5 columns and 7 rows
Source Numerator df Denominator df F Sig.
Intercept 1 546 1331.318 .000
age85 1 546 10.723 .001
grip9 1 546 10.783 .001
sexMW 1 546.000 14.713 .000
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.
Estimates of Fixed EffectsaEstimates of Fixed Effects, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 8 columns and 8 rows
Parameter Estimate Std. Error df t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
Intercept 26.959431 .738873 546 36.487 .000 25.508049 28.410812
age85 -.433772 .132464 546 -3.275 .001 -.693973 -.173571
grip9 .546002 .166277 546 3.284 .001 .219382 .872622
sexMW -3.798780 .990359 546.000 -3.836 .000 -5.744161 -1.853399
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Covariance Parameters


Estimates of Covariance ParametersaEstimates of Covariance Parameters, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 7 columns and 5 rows
Parameter Estimate Std. Error Wald Z Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
Residual 109.380697 6.620021 16.523 .000 97.145710 123.156616
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test  (Model R2 Test)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 8 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 -.433772 .132464 546 0 -3.275 .001 -.693973 -.173571
L2 .546002 .166277 546 0 3.284 .001 .219382 .872622
L3 -3.798780 .990359 546.000 0 -3.836 .000 -5.744161 -1.853399
a. Model R2 Test
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.
Test of ContrastsaTest of Contrasts, table, 1 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 5 columns and 4 rows
Source Numerator df Denominator df F Sig.
Model R2 Test 3 546 20.036 .000
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Eq 2.7: Adding Sex (1=M 0=W)



Mixed Model Analysis


Model DimensionaModel Dimension, table, 1 levels of column headers and 2 levels of row headers, table with 4 columns and 9 rows
  Number of Levels Number of Parameters
Fixed Effects Intercept 1 1
age85 1 1
grip9 1 1
sexWM 1 1
Residual   1
Total 4 5
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.
Information CriteriaaInformation Criteria, table, 0 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 2 columns and 8 rows
-2 Restricted Log Likelihood 4141.117
Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) 4143.117
Hurvich and Tsai's Criterion (AICC) 4143.125
Bozdogan's Criterion (CAIC) 4148.420
Schwarz's Bayesian Criterion (BIC) 4147.420
The information criteria are displayed in smaller-is-better form.
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Fixed Effects


Type III Tests of Fixed EffectsaType III Tests of Fixed Effects, table, 1 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 5 columns and 7 rows
Source Numerator df Denominator df F Sig.
Intercept 1 546 1488.311 .000
age85 1 546.000 10.723 .001
grip9 1 546 10.783 .001
sexWM 1 546 14.713 .000
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.
Estimates of Fixed EffectsaEstimates of Fixed Effects, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 8 columns and 8 rows
Parameter Estimate Std. Error df t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
Intercept 23.160651 .600349 546 38.579 .000 21.981374 24.339928
age85 -.433772 .132464 546.000 -3.275 .001 -.693973 -.173571
grip9 .546002 .166277 546 3.284 .001 .219382 .872622
sexWM 3.798780 .990359 546 3.836 .000 1.853399 5.744161
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Covariance Parameters


Estimates of Covariance ParametersaEstimates of Covariance Parameters, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 7 columns and 5 rows
Parameter Estimate Std. Error Wald Z Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
Residual 109.380697 6.620021 16.523 .000 97.145710 123.156616
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Eq 2.8: Adding Dementia Group; Using Manual Group Contrasts so Reference=None



Mixed Model Analysis


Model DimensionaModel Dimension, table, 1 levels of column headers and 2 levels of row headers, table with 4 columns and 11 rows
  Number of Levels Number of Parameters
Fixed Effects Intercept 1 1
age85 1 1
grip9 1 1
sexMW 1 1
demNF 1 1
demNC 1 1
Residual   1
Total 6 7
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.
Information CriteriaaInformation Criteria, table, 0 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 2 columns and 8 rows
-2 Restricted Log Likelihood 4016.269
Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) 4018.269
Hurvich and Tsai's Criterion (AICC) 4018.276
Bozdogan's Criterion (CAIC) 4023.568
Schwarz's Bayesian Criterion (BIC) 4022.568
The information criteria are displayed in smaller-is-better form.
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Fixed Effects


Type III Tests of Fixed EffectsaType III Tests of Fixed Effects, table, 1 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 5 columns and 9 rows
Source Numerator df Denominator df F Sig.
Intercept 1 544 1755.231 .000
age85 1 544 11.645 .001
grip9 1 544.000 16.275 .000
sexMW 1 544 16.833 .000
demNF 1 544 31.527 .000
demNC 1 544 117.124 .000
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.
Estimates of Fixed EffectsaEstimates of Fixed Effects, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 8 columns and 10 rows
Parameter Estimate Std. Error df t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
Intercept 29.264325 .698508 544 41.895 .000 27.892222 30.636428
age85 -.405734 .118897 544 -3.412 .001 -.639288 -.172180
grip9 .604226 .149776 544.000 4.034 .000 .310016 .898435
sexMW -3.657374 .891433 544 -4.103 .000 -5.408446 -1.906303
demNF -5.721971 1.019078 544 -5.615 .000 -7.723782 -3.720160
demNC -16.479813 1.522754 544 -10.822 .000 -19.471010 -13.488616
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Covariance Parameters


Estimates of Covariance ParametersaEstimates of Covariance Parameters, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 7 columns and 5 rows
Parameter Estimate Std. Error Wald Z Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
Residual 88.070880 5.340082 16.492 .000 78.202505 99.184546
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 1 (Model R2 Test)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 10 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 -.405734 .118897 544 0 -3.412 .001 -.639288 -.172180
L2 .604226 .149776 544.000 0 4.034 .000 .310016 .898435
L3 -3.657374 .891433 544 0 -4.103 .000 -5.408446 -1.906303
L4 -5.721971 1.019078 544 0 -5.615 .000 -7.723782 -3.720160
L5 -16.479813 1.522754 544 0 -10.822 .000 -19.471010 -13.488616
a. Model R2 Test
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.
Test of ContrastsaTest of Contrasts, table, 1 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 5 columns and 4 rows
Source Numerator df Denominator df F Sig.
Model R2 Test 5 544 41.753 .000
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 2 (Omnibus Dementia Group Test)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 7 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 -5.721971 1.019078 544 0 -5.615 .000 -7.723782 -3.720160
L2 -16.479813 1.522754 544 0 -10.822 .000 -19.471010 -13.488616
a. Omnibus Dementia Group Test
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.
Test of ContrastsaTest of Contrasts, table, 1 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 5 columns and 4 rows
Source Numerator df Denominator df F Sig.
Omnibus Dementia Group Test 2 544 67.056 .000
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 3 (Future vs Current)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 6 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 -10.757842 1.707957 544 0 -6.299 .000 -14.112841 -7.402844
a. Future vs Current
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Eq 2.8: Adding Dementia Group; Categorical Predictor for Dementia Group



Mixed Model Analysis


Model DimensionaModel Dimension, table, 1 levels of column headers and 2 levels of row headers, table with 4 columns and 10 rows
  Number of Levels Number of Parameters
Fixed Effects Intercept 1 1
age85 1 1
grip9 1 1
sexMW 1 1
demgroup 3 2
Residual   1
Total 7 7
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.
Information CriteriaaInformation Criteria, table, 0 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 2 columns and 8 rows
-2 Restricted Log Likelihood 4016.269
Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) 4018.269
Hurvich and Tsai's Criterion (AICC) 4018.276
Bozdogan's Criterion (CAIC) 4023.568
Schwarz's Bayesian Criterion (BIC) 4022.568
The information criteria are displayed in smaller-is-better form.
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Fixed Effects


Type III Tests of Fixed EffectsaType III Tests of Fixed Effects, table, 1 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 5 columns and 8 rows
Source Numerator df Denominator df F Sig.
Intercept 1 544 754.313 .000
age85 1 544 11.645 .001
grip9 1 544 16.275 .000
sexMW 1 544 16.833 .000
demgroup 2 544 67.056 .000
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.
Estimates of Fixed EffectsaEstimates of Fixed Effects, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 8 columns and 12 rows
Parameter Estimate Std. Error df t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
Intercept 12.784512 1.530193 544.000 8.355 .000 9.778701 15.790323
age85 -.405734 .118897 544 -3.412 .001 -.639288 -.172180
grip9 .604226 .149776 544 4.034 .000 .310016 .898435
sexMW -3.657374 .891433 544 -4.103 .000 -5.408446 -1.906303
[demgroup=1] 16.479813 1.522754 544.000 10.822 .000 13.488616 19.471010
[demgroup=2] 10.757842 1.707957 544 6.299 .000 7.402844 14.112841
[demgroup=3] 0b 0 . . . . .
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.
b. This parameter is set to zero because it is redundant.


Covariance Parameters


Estimates of Covariance ParametersaEstimates of Covariance Parameters, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 7 columns and 5 rows
Parameter Estimate Std. Error Wald Z Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
Residual 88.070880 5.340082 16.492 .000 78.202505 99.184546
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Estimated Marginal Means



demgroup: Dementia Diagnosis (1=None, 2=Future, 3=Current)


EstimatesaEstimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 6 columns and 8 rows
demgroup: Dementia Diagnosis (1=None, 2=Future, 3=Current) Mean Std. Error df 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
1None 29.264b .699 544.000 27.892 30.636
2Future 23.542b 1.079 544 21.424 25.661
3Current 12.785b 1.530 544.000 9.779 15.790
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.
b. Covariates appearing in the model are evaluated at the following values: age85: Age in Years (0=85) = .00, grip9: Grip Strength in Pounds (0=9) = .00, sexMW: Sex (0=Men, 1=Women) = 0.
Pairwise ComparisonsaPairwise Comparisons, table, 2 levels of column headers and 2 levels of row headers, table with 8 columns and 13 rows
(I) demgroup: Dementia Diagnosis (1=None, 2=Future, 3=Current) (J) demgroup: Dementia Diagnosis (1=None, 2=Future, 3=Current) Mean Difference (I-J) Std. Error df Sig.c 95% Confidence Interval for Differencec
Lower Bound Upper Bound
1None 2Future 5.722* 1.019 544 .000 3.720 7.724
3Current 16.480* 1.523 544.000 .000 13.489 19.471
2Future 1None -5.722* 1.019 544 .000 -7.724 -3.720
3Current 10.758* 1.708 544 .000 7.403 14.113
3Current 1None -16.480* 1.523 544.000 .000 -19.471 -13.489
2Future -10.758* 1.708 544 .000 -14.113 -7.403
Based on estimated marginal means
*. The mean difference is significant at the .05 level.
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.
c. Adjustment for multiple comparisons: Least Significant Difference (equivalent to no adjustments).
Univariate TestsaUnivariate Tests, table, 1 levels of column headers and 0 levels of row headers, table with 4 columns and 5 rows
Numerator df Denominator df F Sig.
2 544 67.056 .000
The F tests the effect of demgroup: Dementia Diagnosis (1=None, 2=Future, 3=Current). This test is based on the linearly independent pairwise comparisons among the estimated marginal means.
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Eq 2.9: Adding Age by Grip Interaction; Age (0=85), Grip (0=9)



Mixed Model Analysis



[PlotAgeGrip] 


Model DimensionaModel Dimension, table, 1 levels of column headers and 2 levels of row headers, table with 4 columns and 12 rows
  Number of Levels Number of Parameters
Fixed Effects Intercept 1 1
age85 1 1
grip9 1 1
sexMW 1 1
demNF 1 1
demNC 1 1
age85 * grip9 1 1
Residual   1
Total 7 8
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.
Information CriteriaaInformation Criteria, table, 0 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 2 columns and 8 rows
-2 Restricted Log Likelihood 4011.694
Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) 4013.694
Hurvich and Tsai's Criterion (AICC) 4013.701
Bozdogan's Criterion (CAIC) 4018.991
Schwarz's Bayesian Criterion (BIC) 4017.991
The information criteria are displayed in smaller-is-better form.
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Fixed Effects


Type III Tests of Fixed EffectsaType III Tests of Fixed Effects, table, 1 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 5 columns and 10 rows
Source Numerator df Denominator df F Sig.
Intercept 1 543.000 1790.906 .000
age85 1 543 7.699 .006
grip9 1 543 17.342 .000
sexMW 1 543 15.168 .000
demNF 1 543 34.139 .000
demNC 1 543 116.139 .000
age85 * grip9 1 543 9.210 .003
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.
Estimates of Fixed EffectsaEstimates of Fixed Effects, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 8 columns and 11 rows
Parameter Estimate Std. Error df t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
Intercept 29.407803 .694906 543.000 42.319 .000 28.042770 30.772837
age85 -.333961 .120357 543 -2.775 .006 -.570382 -.097539
grip9 .619419 .148742 543 4.164 .000 .327238 .911600
sexMW -3.455637 .887275 543 -3.895 .000 -5.198549 -1.712726
demNF -5.922543 1.013632 543 -5.843 .000 -7.913663 -3.931424
demNC -16.300405 1.512547 543 -10.777 .000 -19.271566 -13.329244
age85 * grip9 .123018 .040536 543 3.035 .003 .043391 .202646
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.
Covariance Matrix for Estimates of Fixed EffectsaCovariance Matrix for Estimates of Fixed Effects, table, 1 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 8 columns and 10 rows
Parameter Intercept age85 grip9 sexMW demNF demNC age85 * grip9
Intercept .482895 .000454 -.030753 -.450672 -.182029 -.226347 .001916
age85 .000454 .014486 .003317 .005024 -.004131 -.001151 .000959
grip9 -.030753 .003317 .022124 .053743 -.013388 -.000301 .000203
sexMW -.450672 .005024 .053743 .787257 -.071016 .023708 .002695
demNF -.182029 -.004131 -.013388 -.071016 1.027449 .212912 -.002679
demNC -.226347 -.001151 -.000301 .023708 .212912 2.287799 .002396
age85 * grip9 .001916 .000959 .000203 .002695 -.002679 .002396 .001643
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Covariance Parameters


Estimates of Covariance ParametersaEstimates of Covariance Parameters, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 7 columns and 5 rows
Parameter Estimate Std. Error Wald Z Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
Residual 86.761505 5.265531 16.477 .000 77.031419 97.720629
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.
Covariance Matrix for Estimates of Covariance ParametersaCovariance Matrix for Estimates of Covariance Parameters, table, 1 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 2 columns and 4 rows
Parameter Residual
Residual 27.725815
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 1 (Model R2 Test)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 11 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 -.333961 .120357 543 0 -2.775 .006 -.570382 -.097539
L2 .619419 .148742 543 0 4.164 .000 .327238 .911600
L3 -3.455637 .887275 543 0 -3.895 .000 -5.198549 -1.712726
L4 -5.922543 1.013632 543 0 -5.843 .000 -7.913663 -3.931424
L5 -16.300405 1.512547 543 0 -10.777 .000 -19.271566 -13.329244
L6 .123018 .040536 543 0 3.035 .003 .043391 .202646
a. Model R2 Test
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.
Test of ContrastsaTest of Contrasts, table, 1 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 5 columns and 4 rows
Source Numerator df Denominator df F Sig.
Model R2 Test 6 543 36.854 .000
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 2 (Future vs Current)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 6 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 -10.377862 1.699831 543 0 -6.105 .000 -13.716912 -7.038812
a. Future vs Current
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 3 (Age Slope at Grip Strength =  6)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 6 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 -.703016 .153370 543 0 -4.584 .000 -1.004286 -.401746
a. Age Slope at Grip Strength = 6
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 4 (Age Slope at Grip Strength =  9)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 6 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 -.333961 .120357 543 0 -2.775 .006 -.570382 -.097539
a. Age Slope at Grip Strength = 9
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 5 (Age Slope at Grip Strength = 12)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 6 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 .035095 .187154 543 0 .188 .851 -.332539 .402729
a. Age Slope at Grip Strength = 12
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 6 (Grip Strength Slope at Age = 80)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 6 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 .004326 .247335 543 0 .017 .986 -.481525 .490177
a. Grip Strength Slope at Age = 80
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 7 (Grip Strength Slope at Age = 85)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 6 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 .619419 .148742 543 0 4.164 .000 .327238 .911600
a. Grip Strength Slope at Age = 85
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 8 (Grip Strength Slope at Age = 90)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 6 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 1.234511 .255408 543 0 4.833 .000 .732802 1.736220
a. Grip Strength Slope at Age = 90
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 9 (Cognition at Grip = 12 Age = 80)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 6 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 31.090585 1.092408 543 0 28.461 .000 28.944722 33.236447
a. Cognition at Grip = 12 Age = 80
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 10 (Cognition at Grip = 12 Age = 85)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 6 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 31.266059 .705332 543 0 44.328 .000 29.880545 32.651573
a. Cognition at Grip = 12 Age = 85
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 11 (Cognition at Grip = 12 Age = 90)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 6 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 31.441533 1.246179 543 0 25.230 .000 28.993612 33.889455
a. Cognition at Grip = 12 Age = 90
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 12 (Cognition at Grip =  9 Age = 80)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 6 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 31.077606 .916789 543 0 33.898 .000 29.276719 32.878493
a. Cognition at Grip = 9 Age = 80
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 13 (Cognition at Grip =  9 Age = 85)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 6 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 29.407803 .694906 543.000 0 42.319 .000 28.042770 30.772837
a. Cognition at Grip = 9 Age = 85
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 14 (Cognition at Grip =  9 Age = 90)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 6 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 27.738000 .921723 543 0 30.094 .000 25.927421 29.548579
a. Cognition at Grip = 9 Age = 90
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 15 (Cognition at Grip =  6 Age = 80)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 6 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 31.064627 1.260473 543 0 24.645 .000 28.588627 33.540628
a. Cognition at Grip = 6 Age = 80
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 16 (Cognition at Grip =  6 Age = 85)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 6 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 27.549547 .930878 543 0 29.595 .000 25.720985 29.378109
a. Cognition at Grip = 6 Age = 85
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 17 (Cognition at Grip =  6 Age = 90)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 6 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 24.034467 1.149080 543.000 0 20.916 .000 21.777280 26.291654
a. Cognition at Grip = 6 Age = 90
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Eq 2.9: Adding Age by Grip Interaction; Age (0=80), Grip (0=12)



Mixed Model Analysis



[Chapter2] C:\Dropbox\PilesOfVariance\Chapter2\SPSS\SPSS_Chapter2.sav


Model DimensionaModel Dimension, table, 1 levels of column headers and 2 levels of row headers, table with 4 columns and 12 rows
  Number of Levels Number of Parameters
Fixed Effects Intercept 1 1
age80 1 1
grip12 1 1
sexMW 1 1
demNF 1 1
demNC 1 1
age80 * grip12 1 1
Residual   1
Total 7 8
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.
Information CriteriaaInformation Criteria, table, 0 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 2 columns and 8 rows
-2 Restricted Log Likelihood 4011.694
Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) 4013.694
Hurvich and Tsai's Criterion (AICC) 4013.701
Bozdogan's Criterion (CAIC) 4018.991
Schwarz's Bayesian Criterion (BIC) 4017.991
The information criteria are displayed in smaller-is-better form.
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Fixed Effects


Type III Tests of Fixed EffectsaType III Tests of Fixed Effects, table, 1 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 5 columns and 10 rows
Source Numerator df Denominator df F Sig.
Intercept 1 543 810.006 .000
age80 1 543.000 .035 .851
grip12 1 543.000 .000 .986
sexMW 1 543 15.168 .000
demNF 1 543 34.139 .000
demNC 1 543 116.139 .000
age80 * grip12 1 543 9.210 .003
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.
Estimates of Fixed EffectsaEstimates of Fixed Effects, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 8 columns and 11 rows
Parameter Estimate Std. Error df t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
Intercept 31.090585 1.092408 543 28.461 .000 28.944722 33.236447
age80 .035095 .187154 543.000 .188 .851 -.332539 .402729
grip12 .004326 .247335 543.000 .017 .986 -.481525 .490177
sexMW -3.455637 .887275 543 -3.895 .000 -5.198549 -1.712726
demNF -5.922543 1.013632 543 -5.843 .000 -7.913663 -3.931424
demNC -16.300405 1.512547 543 -10.777 .000 -19.271566 -13.329244
age80 * grip12 .123018 .040536 543 3.035 .003 .043391 .202646
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Covariance Parameters


Estimates of Covariance ParametersaEstimates of Covariance Parameters, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 7 columns and 5 rows
Parameter Estimate Std. Error Wald Z Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
Residual 86.761505 5.265531 16.477 .000 77.031419 97.720629
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test  (Future vs Current)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 6 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 -10.377862 1.699831 543 0 -6.105 .000 -13.716912 -7.038812
a. Future vs Current
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Eq 2.9: Adding Age by Grip Interaction; Age (0=90), Grip (0=6)



Mixed Model Analysis


Model DimensionaModel Dimension, table, 1 levels of column headers and 2 levels of row headers, table with 4 columns and 12 rows
  Number of Levels Number of Parameters
Fixed Effects Intercept 1 1
age90 1 1
grip6 1 1
sexMW 1 1
demNF 1 1
demNC 1 1
age90 * grip6 1 1
Residual   1
Total 7 8
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.
Information CriteriaaInformation Criteria, table, 0 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 2 columns and 8 rows
-2 Restricted Log Likelihood 4011.694
Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) 4013.694
Hurvich and Tsai's Criterion (AICC) 4013.701
Bozdogan's Criterion (CAIC) 4018.991
Schwarz's Bayesian Criterion (BIC) 4017.991
The information criteria are displayed in smaller-is-better form.
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Fixed Effects


Type III Tests of Fixed EffectsaType III Tests of Fixed Effects, table, 1 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 5 columns and 10 rows
Source Numerator df Denominator df F Sig.
Intercept 1 543.000 437.490 .000
age90 1 543.000 21.011 .000
grip6 1 543.000 23.363 .000
sexMW 1 543 15.168 .000
demNF 1 543 34.139 .000
demNC 1 543 116.139 .000
age90 * grip6 1 543.000 9.210 .003
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.
Estimates of Fixed EffectsaEstimates of Fixed Effects, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 8 columns and 11 rows
Parameter Estimate Std. Error df t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
Intercept 24.034467 1.149080 543.000 20.916 .000 21.777280 26.291654
age90 -.703016 .153370 543.000 -4.584 .000 -1.004286 -.401746
grip6 1.234511 .255408 543.000 4.833 .000 .732802 1.736220
sexMW -3.455637 .887275 543 -3.895 .000 -5.198549 -1.712726
demNF -5.922543 1.013632 543 -5.843 .000 -7.913663 -3.931424
demNC -16.300405 1.512547 543 -10.777 .000 -19.271566 -13.329244
age90 * grip6 .123018 .040536 543.000 3.035 .003 .043391 .202646
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Covariance Parameters


Estimates of Covariance ParametersaEstimates of Covariance Parameters, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 7 columns and 5 rows
Parameter Estimate Std. Error Wald Z Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
Residual 86.761505 5.265531 16.477 .000 77.031419 97.720629
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test  (Future vs Current)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 6 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 -10.377862 1.699831 543 0 -6.105 .000 -13.716912 -7.038812
a. Future vs Current
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Eq 2.13: Adding Sex by Dementia Interaction; Sex (0=Men), Dementia (0=None)



Mixed Model Analysis


Model DimensionaModel Dimension, table, 1 levels of column headers and 2 levels of row headers, table with 4 columns and 14 rows
  Number of Levels Number of Parameters
Fixed Effects Intercept 1 1
age85 1 1
grip9 1 1
sexMW 1 1
demNF 1 1
demNC 1 1
age85 * grip9 1 1
sexMW * demNF 1 1
sexMW * demNC 1 1
Residual   1
Total 9 10
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.
Information CriteriaaInformation Criteria, table, 0 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 2 columns and 8 rows
-2 Restricted Log Likelihood 3997.408
Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) 3999.408
Hurvich and Tsai's Criterion (AICC) 3999.415
Bozdogan's Criterion (CAIC) 4004.701
Schwarz's Bayesian Criterion (BIC) 4003.701
The information criteria are displayed in smaller-is-better form.
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Fixed Effects


Type III Tests of Fixed EffectsaType III Tests of Fixed Effects, table, 1 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 5 columns and 12 rows
Source Numerator df Denominator df F Sig.
Intercept 1 541 1508.383 .000
age85 1 541 7.799 .005
grip9 1 541 17.412 .000
sexMW 1 541.000 8.086 .005
demNF 1 541 13.717 .000
demNC 1 541 28.433 .000
age85 * grip9 1 541 9.163 .003
sexMW * demNF 1 541.000 .006 .937
sexMW * demNC 1 541 6.779 .009
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.
Estimates of Fixed EffectsaEstimates of Fixed Effects, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 8 columns and 13 rows
Parameter Estimate Std. Error df t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
Intercept 29.070146 .748499 541 38.838 .000 27.599825 30.540467
age85 -.334799 .119888 541 -2.793 .005 -.570301 -.099297
grip9 .617893 .148079 541 4.173 .000 .327012 .908774
sexMW -2.875594 1.011237 541.000 -2.844 .005 -4.862027 -.889162
demNF -6.055901 1.635126 541 -3.704 .000 -9.267875 -2.843927
demNC -11.970731 2.244954 541 -5.332 .000 -16.380625 -7.560836
age85 * grip9 .122152 .040353 541 3.027 .003 .042884 .201419
sexMW * demNF .164270 2.070475 541.000 .079 .937 -3.902886 4.231426
sexMW * demNC -7.875100 3.024536 541 -2.604 .009 -13.816374 -1.933825
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.
Covariance Matrix for Estimates of Fixed EffectsaCovariance Matrix for Estimates of Fixed Effects, table, 1 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 10 columns and 12 rows
Parameter Intercept age85 grip9 sexMW demNF demNC age85 * grip9 sexMW * demNF sexMW * demNC
Intercept .560251 .001604 -.030918 -.587371 -.502778 -.509767 .001953 .521405 .513101
age85 .001604 .014373 .003278 .002989 -.009677 -.002957 .000950 .008994 .003199
grip9 -.030918 .003278 .021928 .054020 -.010633 -.000641 .000201 -.004227 .000673
sexMW -.587371 .002989 .054020 1.022601 .485319 .514330 .002578 -.898667 -.882173
demNF -.502778 -.009677 -.010633 .485319 2.673637 .511057 -.002697 -2.663916 -.514912
demNC -.509767 -.002957 -.000641 .514330 .511057 5.039817 .001824 -.514278 -5.036244
age85 * grip9 .001953 .000950 .000201 .002578 -.002697 .001824 .001628 7.386465E-5 .001001
sexMW * demNF .521405 .008994 -.004227 -.898667 -2.663916 -.514278 7.386465E-5 4.286868 .885669
sexMW * demNC .513101 .003199 .000673 -.882173 -.514912 -5.036244 .001001 .885669 9.147821
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Covariance Parameters


Estimates of Covariance ParametersaEstimates of Covariance Parameters, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 7 columns and 5 rows
Parameter Estimate Std. Error Wald Z Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
Residual 85.972415 5.227277 16.447 .000 76.314059 96.853140
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.
Covariance Matrix for Estimates of Covariance ParametersaCovariance Matrix for Estimates of Covariance Parameters, table, 1 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 2 columns and 4 rows
Parameter Residual
Residual 27.324422
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 1 (Model R2 Test)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 13 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 -.334799 .119888 541 0 -2.793 .005 -.570301 -.099297
L2 .617893 .148079 541 0 4.173 .000 .327012 .908774
L3 -2.875594 1.011237 541.000 0 -2.844 .005 -4.862027 -.889162
L4 -6.055901 1.635126 541 0 -3.704 .000 -9.267875 -2.843927
L5 -11.970731 2.244954 541 0 -5.332 .000 -16.380625 -7.560836
L6 .122152 .040353 541 0 3.027 .003 .042884 .201419
L7 .164270 2.070475 541.000 0 .079 .937 -3.902886 4.231426
L8 -7.875100 3.024536 541 0 -2.604 .009 -13.816374 -1.933825
a. Model R2 Test
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.
Test of ContrastsaTest of Contrasts, table, 1 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 5 columns and 4 rows
Source Numerator df Denominator df F Sig.
Model R2 Test 8 541 28.767 .000
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 2 (Omnibus Dementia*Sex Interaction Test)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 7 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 .164270 2.070475 541.000 0 .079 .937 -3.902886 4.231426
L2 -7.875100 3.024536 541 0 -2.604 .009 -13.816374 -1.933825
a. Omnibus Dementia*Sex Interaction Test
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.
Test of ContrastsaTest of Contrasts, table, 1 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 5 columns and 4 rows
Source Numerator df Denominator df F Sig.
Omnibus Dementia*Sex Interaction Test 2 541.000 3.492 .031
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 3 (Cognition for Men   None)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 6 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 29.070146 .748499 541 0 38.838 .000 27.599825 30.540467
a. Cognition for Men None
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 4 (Cognition for Women None)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 6 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 26.194552 .638834 541 0 41.004 .000 24.939653 27.449451
a. Cognition for Women None
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 5 (Cognition for Men   Future)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 6 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 23.014245 1.492760 541 0 15.417 .000 20.081929 25.946561
a. Cognition for Men Future
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 6 (Cognition for Women Future)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 6 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 20.302921 1.118633 541 0 18.150 .000 18.105524 22.500318
a. Cognition for Women Future
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 7 (Cognition for Men   Current)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 6 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 17.099416 2.140218 541 0 7.990 .000 12.895260 21.303572
a. Cognition for Men Current
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 8 (Cognition for Women Current)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 6 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 6.348722 1.947880 541 0 3.259 .001 2.522386 10.175058
a. Cognition for Women Current
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 9 (Sex Difference for No Dementia)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 6 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 -2.875594 1.011237 541.000 0 -2.844 .005 -4.862027 -.889162
a. Sex Difference for No Dementia
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 10 (Sex Difference for Future Dementia)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 6 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 -2.711324 1.874069 541 0 -1.447 .149 -6.392667 .970019
a. Sex Difference for Future Dementia
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 11 (Sex Difference for Current Dementia)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 6 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 -10.750694 2.899323 541 0 -3.708 .000 -16.446004 -5.055383
a. Sex Difference for Current Dementia
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 12 (None-Future Difference for Men)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 6 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 -6.055901 1.635126 541 0 -3.704 .000 -9.267875 -2.843927
a. None-Future Difference for Men
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 13 (None-Future Difference for Women)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 6 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 -5.891631 1.277761 541 0 -4.611 .000 -8.401612 -3.381651
a. None-Future Difference for Women
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 14 (None-Current Difference for Men)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 6 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 -11.970731 2.244954 541 0 -5.332 .000 -16.380625 -7.560836
a. None-Current Difference for Men
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 15 (None-Current Difference for Women)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 6 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 -19.845830 2.028583 541 0 -9.783 .000 -23.830695 -15.860965
a. None-Current Difference for Women
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 16 (Future-Current Difference for Men)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 6 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 -5.914829 2.586762 541 0 -2.287 .023 -10.996158 -.833500
a. Future-Current Difference for Men
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 17 (Future-Current Difference for Women)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 6 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 -13.954199 2.238917 541 0 -6.233 .000 -18.352235 -9.556162
a. Future-Current Difference for Women
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 18 (None-Future Sex Difference)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 6 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 .164270 2.070475 541.000 0 .079 .937 -3.902886 4.231426
a. None-Future Sex Difference
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 19 (None-Current Sex Difference)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 6 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 -7.875100 3.024536 541 0 -2.604 .009 -13.816374 -1.933825
a. None-Current Sex Difference
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 20 (Future-Current Sex Difference)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 6 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 -8.039370 3.415165 541 0 -2.354 .019 -14.747978 -1.330761
a. Future-Current Sex Difference
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Eq 2.13: Adding Sex by Dementia Interaction; Sex (0=Women), Dementia (0=None)



Mixed Model Analysis


Model DimensionaModel Dimension, table, 1 levels of column headers and 2 levels of row headers, table with 4 columns and 14 rows
  Number of Levels Number of Parameters
Fixed Effects Intercept 1 1
age85 1 1
grip9 1 1
sexWM 1 1
demNF 1 1
demNC 1 1
age85 * grip9 1 1
sexWM * demNF 1 1
sexWM * demNC 1 1
Residual   1
Total 9 10
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.
Information CriteriaaInformation Criteria, table, 0 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 2 columns and 8 rows
-2 Restricted Log Likelihood 3997.408
Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) 3999.408
Hurvich and Tsai's Criterion (AICC) 3999.415
Bozdogan's Criterion (CAIC) 4004.701
Schwarz's Bayesian Criterion (BIC) 4003.701
The information criteria are displayed in smaller-is-better form.
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Fixed Effects


Type III Tests of Fixed EffectsaType III Tests of Fixed Effects, table, 1 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 5 columns and 12 rows
Source Numerator df Denominator df F Sig.
Intercept 1 541.000 1681.303 .000
age85 1 541 7.799 .005
grip9 1 541 17.412 .000
sexWM 1 541 8.086 .005
demNF 1 541 21.260 .000
demNC 1 541.000 95.709 .000
age85 * grip9 1 541 9.163 .003
sexWM * demNF 1 541 .006 .937
sexWM * demNC 1 541 6.779 .009
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.
Estimates of Fixed EffectsaEstimates of Fixed Effects, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 8 columns and 13 rows
Parameter Estimate Std. Error df t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
Intercept 26.194552 .638834 541.000 41.004 .000 24.939653 27.449451
age85 -.334799 .119888 541 -2.793 .005 -.570301 -.099297
grip9 .617893 .148079 541 4.173 .000 .327012 .908774
sexWM 2.875594 1.011237 541 2.844 .005 .889162 4.862027
demNF -5.891631 1.277761 541 -4.611 .000 -8.401612 -3.381651
demNC -19.845830 2.028583 541.000 -9.783 .000 -23.830695 -15.860965
age85 * grip9 .122152 .040353 541 3.027 .003 .042884 .201419
sexWM * demNF -.164270 2.070475 541 -.079 .937 -4.231426 3.902886
sexWM * demNC 7.875100 3.024536 541 2.604 .009 1.933825 13.816374
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Covariance Parameters


Estimates of Covariance ParametersaEstimates of Covariance Parameters, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 7 columns and 5 rows
Parameter Estimate Std. Error Wald Z Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
Residual 85.972415 5.227277 16.447 .000 76.314059 96.853140
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Eq 2.15: Adding Sex by Dementia Interaction; Sex (0=Men), Dementia (0=Future)



Mixed Model Analysis


Model DimensionaModel Dimension, table, 1 levels of column headers and 2 levels of row headers, table with 4 columns and 14 rows
  Number of Levels Number of Parameters
Fixed Effects Intercept 1 1
age85 1 1
grip9 1 1
sexMW 1 1
demFN 1 1
demFC 1 1
age85 * grip9 1 1
sexMW * demFN 1 1
sexMW * demFC 1 1
Residual   1
Total 9 10
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.
Information CriteriaaInformation Criteria, table, 0 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 2 columns and 8 rows
-2 Restricted Log Likelihood 3997.408
Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) 3999.408
Hurvich and Tsai's Criterion (AICC) 3999.415
Bozdogan's Criterion (CAIC) 4004.701
Schwarz's Bayesian Criterion (BIC) 4003.701
The information criteria are displayed in smaller-is-better form.
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Fixed Effects


Type III Tests of Fixed EffectsaType III Tests of Fixed Effects, table, 1 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 5 columns and 12 rows
Source Numerator df Denominator df F Sig.
Intercept 1 541 237.691 .000
age85 1 541 7.799 .005
grip9 1 541 17.412 .000
sexMW 1 541 2.093 .149
demFN 1 541 13.717 .000
demFC 1 541 5.228 .023
age85 * grip9 1 541 9.163 .003
sexMW * demFN 1 541 .006 .937
sexMW * demFC 1 541 5.541 .019
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.
Estimates of Fixed EffectsaEstimates of Fixed Effects, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 8 columns and 13 rows
Parameter Estimate Std. Error df t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
Intercept 23.014245 1.492760 541 15.417 .000 20.081929 25.946561
age85 -.334799 .119888 541 -2.793 .005 -.570301 -.099297
grip9 .617893 .148079 541 4.173 .000 .327012 .908774
sexMW -2.711324 1.874069 541 -1.447 .149 -6.392667 .970019
demFN 6.055901 1.635126 541 3.704 .000 2.843927 9.267875
demFC -5.914829 2.586762 541 -2.287 .023 -10.996158 -.833500
age85 * grip9 .122152 .040353 541 3.027 .003 .042884 .201419
sexMW * demFN -.164270 2.070475 541 -.079 .937 -4.231426 3.902886
sexMW * demFC -8.039370 3.415165 541 -2.354 .019 -14.747978 -1.330761
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Covariance Parameters


Estimates of Covariance ParametersaEstimates of Covariance Parameters, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 7 columns and 5 rows
Parameter Estimate Std. Error Wald Z Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
Residual 85.972415 5.227277 16.447 .000 76.314059 96.853140
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Eq 2.15: Adding Sex by Dementia Interaction; Sex (0=Women), Dementia (0=Future)



Mixed Model Analysis


Model DimensionaModel Dimension, table, 1 levels of column headers and 2 levels of row headers, table with 4 columns and 14 rows
  Number of Levels Number of Parameters
Fixed Effects Intercept 1 1
age85 1 1
grip9 1 1
sexWM 1 1
demFN 1 1
demFC 1 1
age85 * grip9 1 1
sexWM * demFN 1 1
sexWM * demFC 1 1
Residual   1
Total 9 10
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.
Information CriteriaaInformation Criteria, table, 0 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 2 columns and 8 rows
-2 Restricted Log Likelihood 3997.408
Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) 3999.408
Hurvich and Tsai's Criterion (AICC) 3999.415
Bozdogan's Criterion (CAIC) 4004.701
Schwarz's Bayesian Criterion (BIC) 4003.701
The information criteria are displayed in smaller-is-better form.
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Fixed Effects


Type III Tests of Fixed EffectsaType III Tests of Fixed Effects, table, 1 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 5 columns and 12 rows
Source Numerator df Denominator df F Sig.
Intercept 1 541 329.414 .000
age85 1 541 7.799 .005
grip9 1 541 17.412 .000
sexWM 1 541.000 2.093 .149
demFN 1 541 21.260 .000
demFC 1 541 38.845 .000
age85 * grip9 1 541 9.163 .003
sexWM * demFN 1 541 .006 .937
sexWM * demFC 1 541 5.541 .019
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.
Estimates of Fixed EffectsaEstimates of Fixed Effects, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 8 columns and 13 rows
Parameter Estimate Std. Error df t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
Intercept 20.302921 1.118633 541 18.150 .000 18.105524 22.500318
age85 -.334799 .119888 541 -2.793 .005 -.570301 -.099297
grip9 .617893 .148079 541 4.173 .000 .327012 .908774
sexWM 2.711324 1.874069 541.000 1.447 .149 -.970019 6.392667
demFN 5.891631 1.277761 541 4.611 .000 3.381651 8.401612
demFC -13.954199 2.238917 541 -6.233 .000 -18.352235 -9.556162
age85 * grip9 .122152 .040353 541 3.027 .003 .042884 .201419
sexWM * demFN .164270 2.070475 541 .079 .937 -3.902886 4.231426
sexWM * demFC 8.039370 3.415165 541 2.354 .019 1.330761 14.747978
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Covariance Parameters


Estimates of Covariance ParametersaEstimates of Covariance Parameters, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 7 columns and 5 rows
Parameter Estimate Std. Error Wald Z Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
Residual 85.972415 5.227277 16.447 .000 76.314059 96.853140
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Eq 2.16: Adding Sex by Dementia Interaction; Sex (0=Men), Dementia (0=Current)



Mixed Model Analysis


Model DimensionaModel Dimension, table, 1 levels of column headers and 2 levels of row headers, table with 4 columns and 14 rows
  Number of Levels Number of Parameters
Fixed Effects Intercept 1 1
age85 1 1
grip9 1 1
sexMW 1 1
demCN 1 1
demCF 1 1
age85 * grip9 1 1
sexMW * demCN 1 1
sexMW * demCF 1 1
Residual   1
Total 9 10
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.
Information CriteriaaInformation Criteria, table, 0 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 2 columns and 8 rows
-2 Restricted Log Likelihood 3997.408
Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) 3999.408
Hurvich and Tsai's Criterion (AICC) 3999.415
Bozdogan's Criterion (CAIC) 4004.701
Schwarz's Bayesian Criterion (BIC) 4003.701
The information criteria are displayed in smaller-is-better form.
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Fixed Effects


Type III Tests of Fixed EffectsaType III Tests of Fixed Effects, table, 1 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 5 columns and 12 rows
Source Numerator df Denominator df F Sig.
Intercept 1 541 63.833 .000
age85 1 541 7.799 .005
grip9 1 541 17.412 .000
sexMW 1 541 13.749 .000
demCN 1 541 28.433 .000
demCF 1 541 5.228 .023
age85 * grip9 1 541 9.163 .003
sexMW * demCN 1 541 6.779 .009
sexMW * demCF 1 541 5.541 .019
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.
Estimates of Fixed EffectsaEstimates of Fixed Effects, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 8 columns and 13 rows
Parameter Estimate Std. Error df t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
Intercept 17.099416 2.140218 541 7.990 .000 12.895260 21.303572
age85 -.334799 .119888 541 -2.793 .005 -.570301 -.099297
grip9 .617893 .148079 541 4.173 .000 .327012 .908774
sexMW -10.750694 2.899323 541 -3.708 .000 -16.446004 -5.055383
demCN 11.970731 2.244954 541 5.332 .000 7.560836 16.380625
demCF 5.914829 2.586762 541 2.287 .023 .833500 10.996158
age85 * grip9 .122152 .040353 541 3.027 .003 .042884 .201419
sexMW * demCN 7.875100 3.024536 541 2.604 .009 1.933825 13.816374
sexMW * demCF 8.039370 3.415165 541 2.354 .019 1.330761 14.747978
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Covariance Parameters


Estimates of Covariance ParametersaEstimates of Covariance Parameters, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 7 columns and 5 rows
Parameter Estimate Std. Error Wald Z Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
Residual 85.972415 5.227277 16.447 .000 76.314059 96.853140
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Eq 2.16: Adding Sex by Dementia Interaction; Sex (0=Women), Dementia (0=Current)



Mixed Model Analysis


Model DimensionaModel Dimension, table, 1 levels of column headers and 2 levels of row headers, table with 4 columns and 14 rows
  Number of Levels Number of Parameters
Fixed Effects Intercept 1 1
age85 1 1
grip9 1 1
sexWM 1 1
demCN 1 1
demCF 1 1
age85 * grip9 1 1
sexWM * demCN 1 1
sexWM * demCF 1 1
Residual   1
Total 9 10
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.
Information CriteriaaInformation Criteria, table, 0 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 2 columns and 8 rows
-2 Restricted Log Likelihood 3997.408
Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) 3999.408
Hurvich and Tsai's Criterion (AICC) 3999.415
Bozdogan's Criterion (CAIC) 4004.701
Schwarz's Bayesian Criterion (BIC) 4003.701
The information criteria are displayed in smaller-is-better form.
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Fixed Effects


Type III Tests of Fixed EffectsaType III Tests of Fixed Effects, table, 1 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 5 columns and 12 rows
Source Numerator df Denominator df F Sig.
Intercept 1 541.000 10.623 .001
age85 1 541 7.799 .005
grip9 1 541 17.412 .000
sexWM 1 541 13.749 .000
demCN 1 541.000 95.709 .000
demCF 1 541 38.845 .000
age85 * grip9 1 541 9.163 .003
sexWM * demCN 1 541.000 6.779 .009
sexWM * demCF 1 541 5.541 .019
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.
Estimates of Fixed EffectsaEstimates of Fixed Effects, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 8 columns and 13 rows
Parameter Estimate Std. Error df t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
Intercept 6.348722 1.947880 541.000 3.259 .001 2.522386 10.175058
age85 -.334799 .119888 541 -2.793 .005 -.570301 -.099297
grip9 .617893 .148079 541 4.173 .000 .327012 .908774
sexWM 10.750694 2.899323 541 3.708 .000 5.055383 16.446004
demCN 19.845830 2.028583 541.000 9.783 .000 15.860965 23.830695
demCF 13.954199 2.238917 541 6.233 .000 9.556162 18.352235
age85 * grip9 .122152 .040353 541 3.027 .003 .042884 .201419
sexWM * demCN -7.875100 3.024536 541.000 -2.604 .009 -13.816374 -1.933825
sexWM * demCF -8.039370 3.415165 541 -2.354 .019 -14.747978 -1.330761
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Covariance Parameters


Estimates of Covariance ParametersaEstimates of Covariance Parameters, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 7 columns and 5 rows
Parameter Estimate Std. Error Wald Z Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
Residual 85.972415 5.227277 16.447 .000 76.314059 96.853140
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Eq 2.16: Adding Sex by Dementia Interaction; Categorical Sex and Dementia



Mixed Model Analysis


Model DimensionaModel Dimension, table, 1 levels of column headers and 2 levels of row headers, table with 4 columns and 12 rows
  Number of Levels Number of Parameters
Fixed Effects Intercept 1 1
age85 1 1
grip9 1 1
sexMW 2 1
demgroup 3 2
age85 * grip9 1 1
sexMW * demgroup 6 2
Residual   1
Total 15 10
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.
Information CriteriaaInformation Criteria, table, 0 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 2 columns and 8 rows
-2 Restricted Log Likelihood 3997.408
Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) 3999.408
Hurvich and Tsai's Criterion (AICC) 3999.415
Bozdogan's Criterion (CAIC) 4004.701
Schwarz's Bayesian Criterion (BIC) 4003.701
The information criteria are displayed in smaller-is-better form.
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Fixed Effects


Type III Tests of Fixed EffectsaType III Tests of Fixed Effects, table, 1 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 5 columns and 10 rows
Source Numerator df Denominator df F Sig.
Intercept 1 541.000 1156.005 .000
age85 1 541 7.799 .005
grip9 1 541 17.412 .000
sexMW 1 541 19.448 .000
demgroup 2 541.000 64.622 .000
age85 * grip9 1 541 9.163 .003
sexMW * demgroup 2 541.000 3.492 .031
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.
Estimates of Fixed EffectsaEstimates of Fixed Effects, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 8 columns and 20 rows
Parameter Estimate Std. Error df t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
Intercept 6.348722 1.947880 541.000 3.259 .001 2.522386 10.175058
age85 -.334799 .119888 541 -2.793 .005 -.570301 -.099297
grip9 .617893 .148079 541 4.173 .000 .327012 .908774
[sexMW=0] 10.750694 2.899323 541 3.708 .000 5.055383 16.446004
[sexMW=1] 0b 0 . . . . .
[demgroup=1] 19.845830 2.028583 541.000 9.783 .000 15.860965 23.830695
[demgroup=2] 13.954199 2.238917 541 6.233 .000 9.556162 18.352235
[demgroup=3] 0b 0 . . . . .
age85 * grip9 .122152 .040353 541 3.027 .003 .042884 .201419
[sexMW=0] * [demgroup=1] -7.875100 3.024536 541 -2.604 .009 -13.816374 -1.933825
[sexMW=0] * [demgroup=2] -8.039370 3.415165 541 -2.354 .019 -14.747978 -1.330761
[sexMW=0] * [demgroup=3] 0b 0 . . . . .
[sexMW=1] * [demgroup=1] 0b 0 . . . . .
[sexMW=1] * [demgroup=2] 0b 0 . . . . .
[sexMW=1] * [demgroup=3] 0b 0 . . . . .
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.
b. This parameter is set to zero because it is redundant.


Covariance Parameters


Estimates of Covariance ParametersaEstimates of Covariance Parameters, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 7 columns and 5 rows
Parameter Estimate Std. Error Wald Z Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
Residual 85.972415 5.227277 16.447 .000 76.314059 96.853140
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 1 (Sex by None-Future    Interaction)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 6 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 -.164270 2.070475 541 0 -.079 .937 -4.231426 3.902886
a. Sex by None-Future Interaction
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 2 (Sex by None-Current   Interaction)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 6 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 7.875100 3.024536 541 0 2.604 .009 1.933825 13.816374
a. Sex by None-Current Interaction
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 3 (Sex by Future-Current Interaction)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 6 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 8.039370 3.415165 541 0 2.354 .019 1.330761 14.747978
a. Sex by Future-Current Interaction
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Estimated Marginal Means



1. sexMW: Sex (0=Men, 1=Women) * demgroup: Dementia Diagnosis (1=None, 2=Future, 3=Current)


EstimatesaEstimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 2 levels of row headers, table with 7 columns and 11 rows
sexMW: Sex (0=Men, 1=Women) demgroup: Dementia Diagnosis (1=None, 2=Future, 3=Current) Mean Std. Error df 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
0 1None 29.070b .748 541 27.600 30.540
2Future 23.014b 1.493 541 20.082 25.947
3Current 17.099b 2.140 541.000 12.895 21.304
1 1None 26.195b .639 541 24.940 27.449
2Future 20.303b 1.119 541 18.106 22.500
3Current 6.349b 1.948 541.000 2.522 10.175
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.
b. Covariates appearing in the model are evaluated at the following values: age85: Age in Years (0=85) = .00, grip9: Grip Strength in Pounds (0=9) = .00.
Pairwise ComparisonsaPairwise Comparisons, table, 2 levels of column headers and 3 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 19 rows
sexMW: Sex (0=Men, 1=Women) (I) demgroup: Dementia Diagnosis (1=None, 2=Future, 3=Current) (J) demgroup: Dementia Diagnosis (1=None, 2=Future, 3=Current) Mean Difference (I-J) Std. Error df Sig.c 95% Confidence Interval for Differencec
Lower Bound Upper Bound
0 1None 2Future 6.056* 1.635 541.000 .000 2.844 9.268
3Current 11.971* 2.245 541 .000 7.561 16.381
2Future 1None -6.056* 1.635 541.000 .000 -9.268 -2.844
3Current 5.915* 2.587 541.000 .023 .834 10.996
3Current 1None -11.971* 2.245 541 .000 -16.381 -7.561
2Future -5.915* 2.587 541.000 .023 -10.996 -.834
1 1None 2Future 5.892* 1.278 541 .000 3.382 8.402
3Current 19.846* 2.029 541.000 .000 15.861 23.831
2Future 1None -5.892* 1.278 541 .000 -8.402 -3.382
3Current 13.954* 2.239 541 .000 9.556 18.352
3Current 1None -19.846* 2.029 541.000 .000 -23.831 -15.861
2Future -13.954* 2.239 541 .000 -18.352 -9.556
Based on estimated marginal means
*. The mean difference is significant at the .05 level.
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.
c. Adjustment for multiple comparisons: Least Significant Difference (equivalent to no adjustments).
Univariate TestsaUnivariate Tests, table, 1 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 5 columns and 6 rows
sexMW: Sex (0=Men, 1=Women) Numerator df Denominator df F Sig.
0 2 541.000 18.688 .000
1 2 541.000 53.157 .000
Each F tests the simple effects of demgroup: Dementia Diagnosis (1=None, 2=Future, 3=Current) within each level combination of the other effects shown. These tests are based on the linearly independent pairwise comparisons among the estimated marginal means.
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


2. sexMW: Sex (0=Men, 1=Women) * demgroup: Dementia Diagnosis (1=None, 2=Future, 3=Current)


EstimatesaEstimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 2 levels of row headers, table with 7 columns and 11 rows
sexMW: Sex (0=Men, 1=Women) demgroup: Dementia Diagnosis (1=None, 2=Future, 3=Current) Mean Std. Error df 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
0 1None 29.070b .748 541 27.600 30.540
2Future 23.014b 1.493 541 20.082 25.947
3Current 17.099b 2.140 541.000 12.895 21.304
1 1None 26.195b .639 541 24.940 27.449
2Future 20.303b 1.119 541 18.106 22.500
3Current 6.349b 1.948 541.000 2.522 10.175
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.
b. Covariates appearing in the model are evaluated at the following values: age85: Age in Years (0=85) = .00, grip9: Grip Strength in Pounds (0=9) = .00.
Pairwise ComparisonsaPairwise Comparisons, table, 2 levels of column headers and 3 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 13 rows
demgroup: Dementia Diagnosis (1=None, 2=Future, 3=Current) (I) sexMW: Sex (0=Men, 1=Women) (J) sexMW: Sex (0=Men, 1=Women) Mean Difference (I-J) Std. Error df Sig.c 95% Confidence Interval for Differencec
Lower Bound Upper Bound
1None 0 1 2.876* 1.011 541 .005 .889 4.862
1 0 -2.876* 1.011 541 .005 -4.862 -.889
2Future 0 1 2.711 1.874 541 .149 -.970 6.393
1 0 -2.711 1.874 541 .149 -6.393 .970
3Current 0 1 10.751* 2.899 541 .000 5.055 16.446
1 0 -10.751* 2.899 541 .000 -16.446 -5.055
Based on estimated marginal means
*. The mean difference is significant at the .05 level.
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.
c. Adjustment for multiple comparisons: Least Significant Difference (equivalent to no adjustments).
Univariate TestsaUnivariate Tests, table, 1 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 5 columns and 7 rows
demgroup: Dementia Diagnosis (1=None, 2=Future, 3=Current) Numerator df Denominator df F Sig.
1None 1 541 8.086 .005
2Future 1 541 2.093 .149
3Current 1 541 13.749 .000
Each F tests the simple effects of sexMW: Sex (0=Men, 1=Women) within each level combination of the other effects shown. These tests are based on the linearly independent pairwise comparisons among the estimated marginal means.
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Eq 2.17: Adding Age by Sex and Grip by Sex Interactions; Age (0=85), Grip (0=9), Sex (0=Men), Dementia (0=None)



Mixed Model Analysis


Model DimensionaModel Dimension, table, 1 levels of column headers and 2 levels of row headers, table with 4 columns and 16 rows
  Number of Levels Number of Parameters
Fixed Effects Intercept 1 1
age85 1 1
grip9 1 1
sexMW 1 1
demNF 1 1
demNC 1 1
age85 * grip9 1 1
sexMW * demNF 1 1
sexMW * demNC 1 1
age85 * sexMW 1 1
grip9 * sexMW 1 1
Residual   1
Total 11 12
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.
Information CriteriaaInformation Criteria, table, 0 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 2 columns and 8 rows
-2 Restricted Log Likelihood 3998.295
Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) 4000.295
Hurvich and Tsai's Criterion (AICC) 4000.302
Bozdogan's Criterion (CAIC) 4005.584
Schwarz's Bayesian Criterion (BIC) 4004.584
The information criteria are displayed in smaller-is-better form.
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Fixed Effects


Type III Tests of Fixed EffectsaType III Tests of Fixed Effects, table, 1 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 5 columns and 14 rows
Source Numerator df Denominator df F Sig.
Intercept 1 539 1312.179 .000
age85 1 539 3.887 .049
grip9 1 539.000 9.340 .002
sexMW 1 539 7.160 .008
demNF 1 539 13.761 .000
demNC 1 539 28.207 .000
age85 * grip9 1 539 7.934 .005
sexMW * demNF 1 539 .012 .913
sexMW * demNC 1 539 6.782 .009
age85 * sexMW 1 539.000 .083 .774
grip9 * sexMW 1 539 .291 .590
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.
Estimates of Fixed EffectsaEstimates of Fixed Effects, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 8 columns and 15 rows
Parameter Estimate Std. Error df t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
Intercept 28.905148 .797955 539 36.224 .000 27.337665 30.472632
age85 -.383918 .194724 539 -1.972 .049 -.766429 -.001407
grip9 .723103 .236602 539.000 3.056 .002 .258327 1.187878
sexMW -2.755087 1.029657 539 -2.676 .008 -4.777720 -.732455
demNF -6.083209 1.639851 539 -3.710 .000 -9.304490 -2.861927
demNC -11.946680 2.249412 539 -5.311 .000 -16.365370 -7.527991
age85 * grip9 .129490 .045973 539 2.817 .005 .039182 .219798
sexMW * demNF .226977 2.080440 539 .109 .913 -3.859787 4.313741
sexMW * demNC -7.889021 3.029297 539 -2.604 .009 -13.839696 -1.938346
age85 * sexMW .078838 .274430 539.000 .287 .774 -.460245 .617921
grip9 * sexMW -.164139 .304292 539 -.539 .590 -.761883 .433604
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Covariance Parameters


Estimates of Covariance ParametersaEstimates of Covariance Parameters, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 7 columns and 5 rows
Parameter Estimate Std. Error Wald Z Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
Residual 86.223407 5.252255 16.416 .000 76.519949 97.157356
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 1 (Age for Men)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 6 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 -.383918 .194724 539 0 -1.972 .049 -.766429 -.001407
a. Age for Men
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 2 (Age for Women)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 6 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 -.305080 .170953 539 0 -1.785 .075 -.640895 .030735
a. Age for Women
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 3 (Grip for Men)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 6 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 .723103 .236602 539.000 0 3.056 .002 .258327 1.187878
a. Grip for Men
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 4 (Grip for Women)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 6 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 .558964 .191952 539 0 2.912 .004 .181898 .936029
a. Grip for Women
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 5 (Sex for None)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 6 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 -2.755087 1.029657 539 0 -2.676 .008 -4.777720 -.732455
a. Sex for None
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 6 (Sex for Future)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 6 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 -2.528110 1.901429 539 0 -1.330 .184 -6.263229 1.207009
a. Sex for Future
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 7 (Sex for Current)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 6 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 -10.644108 2.908215 539 0 -3.660 .000 -16.356932 -4.931285
a. Sex for Current
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 8 (Men: None vs Future)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 6 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 -6.083209 1.639851 539 0 -3.710 .000 -9.304490 -2.861927
a. Men: None vs Future
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 9 (Men: None vs Current)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 6 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 -11.946680 2.249412 539 0 -5.311 .000 -16.365370 -7.527991
a. Men: None vs Current
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 10 (Men: Future vs Current)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 6 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 -5.863472 2.591770 539 0 -2.262 .024 -10.954680 -.772263
a. Men: Future vs Current
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 11 (Women: None vs Future)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 6 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 -5.856232 1.282329 539 0 -4.567 .000 -8.375207 -3.337257
a. Women: None vs Future
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 12 (Women: None vs Current)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 6 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 -19.835702 2.031723 539 0 -9.763 .000 -23.826768 -15.844635
a. Women: None vs Current
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 13 (Women: Future vs Current)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 6 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 -13.979470 2.244142 539 0 -6.229 .000 -18.387806 -9.571134
a. Women: Future vs Current
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 14 (Sex by None vs Future)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 6 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 .226977 2.080440 539 0 .109 .913 -3.859787 4.313741
a. Sex by None vs Future
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 15 (Sex by None vs Current)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 6 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 -7.889021 3.029297 539 0 -2.604 .009 -13.839696 -1.938346
a. Sex by None vs Current
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 16 (Sex by Future vs Current)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 6 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 -8.115998 3.423605 539 0 -2.371 .018 -14.841242 -1.390754
a. Sex by Future vs Current
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Eq 2.18: Adding Adding Age by Grip by Sex Three-Way Interaction; Age (0=85), Grip (0=9), Sex (0=Men), Dementia (0=None)



Mixed Model Analysis



[PlotAgeGripSex] 


Model DimensionaModel Dimension, table, 1 levels of column headers and 2 levels of row headers, table with 4 columns and 17 rows
  Number of Levels Number of Parameters
Fixed Effects Intercept 1 1
age85 1 1
grip9 1 1
sexMW 1 1
demNF 1 1
demNC 1 1
age85 * grip9 1 1
sexMW * demNF 1 1
sexMW * demNC 1 1
age85 * sexMW 1 1
grip9 * sexMW 1 1
age85 * grip9 * sexMW 1 1
Residual   1
Total 12 13
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.
Information CriteriaaInformation Criteria, table, 0 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 2 columns and 8 rows
-2 Restricted Log Likelihood 3998.404
Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) 4000.404
Hurvich and Tsai's Criterion (AICC) 4000.411
Bozdogan's Criterion (CAIC) 4005.692
Schwarz's Bayesian Criterion (BIC) 4004.692
The information criteria are displayed in smaller-is-better form.
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Fixed Effects


Type III Tests of Fixed EffectsaType III Tests of Fixed Effects, table, 1 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 5 columns and 15 rows
Source Numerator df Denominator df F Sig.
Intercept 1 538 1319.140 .000
age85 1 538.000 5.837 .016
grip9 1 538 9.778 .002
sexMW 1 538 8.232 .004
demNF 1 538 14.169 .000
demNC 1 538 27.480 .000
age85 * grip9 1 538 9.168 .003
sexMW * demNF 1 538 .036 .849
sexMW * demNC 1 538 7.235 .007
age85 * sexMW 1 538 .120 .729
grip9 * sexMW 1 538 .432 .512
age85 * grip9 * sexMW 1 538 2.757 .097
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.
Estimates of Fixed EffectsaEstimates of Fixed Effects, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 8 columns and 16 rows
Parameter Estimate Std. Error df t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
Intercept 28.955843 .797243 538 36.320 .000 27.389752 30.521934
age85 -.498287 .206250 538.000 -2.416 .016 -.903442 -.093132
grip9 .739275 .236418 538 3.127 .002 .274859 1.203691
sexMW -2.973490 1.036365 538 -2.869 .004 -5.009308 -.937671
demNF -6.165427 1.637934 538 -3.764 .000 -9.382957 -2.947898
demNC -11.783713 2.247900 538 -5.242 .000 -16.199450 -7.367977
age85 * grip9 .229958 .075949 538 3.028 .003 .080765 .379150
sexMW * demNF .396883 2.079577 538 .191 .849 -3.688203 4.481970
sexMW * demNC -8.145702 3.028321 538 -2.690 .007 -14.094485 -2.196919
age85 * sexMW .095072 .274158 538 .347 .729 -.443479 .633624
grip9 * sexMW -.200074 .304567 538 -.657 .512 -.798361 .398213
age85 * grip9 * sexMW -.158270 .095325 538 -1.660 .097 -.345525 .028984
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Covariance Parameters


Estimates of Covariance ParametersaEstimates of Covariance Parameters, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 7 columns and 5 rows
Parameter Estimate Std. Error Wald Z Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
Residual 85.943306 5.240056 16.401 .000 76.262912 96.852477
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 1 (Age for Men)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 6 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 -.498287 .206250 538.000 0 -2.416 .016 -.903442 -.093132
a. Age for Men
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 2 (Age for Women)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 6 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 -.403215 .180619 538 0 -2.232 .026 -.758020 -.048409
a. Age for Women
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 3 (Grip for Men)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 6 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 .739275 .236418 538 0 3.127 .002 .274859 1.203691
a. Grip for Men
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 4 (Grip for Women)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 6 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 .539201 .192009 538.000 0 2.808 .005 .162021 .916381
a. Grip for Women
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 5 (Sex for None)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 6 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 -2.973490 1.036365 538 0 -2.869 .004 -5.009308 -.937671
a. Sex for None
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 6 (Sex for Future)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 6 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 -2.576606 1.898562 538.000 0 -1.357 .175 -6.306111 1.152898
a. Sex for Future
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 7 (Sex for Current)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 6 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 -11.119192 2.917552 538 0 -3.811 .000 -16.850383 -5.388001
a. Sex for Current
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 8 (Men: None vs Future)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 6 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 -6.165427 1.637934 538 0 -3.764 .000 -9.382957 -2.947898
a. Men: None vs Future
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 9 (Men: None vs Current)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 6 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 -11.783713 2.247900 538 0 -5.242 .000 -16.199450 -7.367977
a. Men: None vs Current
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 10 (Men: Future vs Current)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 6 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 -5.618286 2.591767 538 0 -2.168 .031 -10.709510 -.527062
a. Men: Future vs Current
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 11 (Women: None vs Future)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 6 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 -5.768544 1.281333 538 0 -4.502 .000 -8.285574 -3.251514
a. Women: None vs Future
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 12 (Women: None vs Current)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 6 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 -19.929416 2.029206 538 0 -9.821 .000 -23.915553 -15.943278
a. Women: None vs Current
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 13 (Women: Future vs Current)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 6 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 -14.160871 2.243156 538 0 -6.313 .000 -18.567290 -9.754453
a. Women: Future vs Current
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 14 (Sex by None vs Future)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 6 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 .396883 2.079577 538 0 .191 .849 -3.688203 4.481970
a. Sex by None vs Future
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 15 (Sex by None vs Current)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 6 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 -8.145702 3.028321 538 0 -2.690 .007 -14.094485 -2.196919
a. Sex by None vs Current
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 16 (Sex by Future vs Current)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 6 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 -8.542585 3.427683 538 0 -2.492 .013 -15.275868 -1.809303
a. Sex by Future vs Current
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 17 (Age by Grip for Men)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 6 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 .229958 .075949 538 0 3.028 .003 .080765 .379150
a. Age by Grip for Men
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 18 (Age by Grip for Women)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 6 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 .071688 .057608 538 0 1.244 .214 -.041476 .184851
a. Age by Grip for Women
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Eq 2.13: Final Reported Model; Age (0=85), Grip (0=9), Sex (0=Men), Dementia (0=None)



Mixed Model Analysis



[Chapter2] C:\Dropbox\PilesOfVariance\Chapter2\SPSS\SPSS_Chapter2.sav


Model DimensionaModel Dimension, table, 1 levels of column headers and 2 levels of row headers, table with 4 columns and 14 rows
  Number of Levels Number of Parameters
Fixed Effects Intercept 1 1
age85 1 1
grip9 1 1
sexMW 1 1
demNF 1 1
demNC 1 1
age85 * grip9 1 1
sexMW * demNF 1 1
sexMW * demNC 1 1
Residual   1
Total 9 10
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.
Information CriteriaaInformation Criteria, table, 0 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 2 columns and 8 rows
-2 Restricted Log Likelihood 3997.408
Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) 3999.408
Hurvich and Tsai's Criterion (AICC) 3999.415
Bozdogan's Criterion (CAIC) 4004.701
Schwarz's Bayesian Criterion (BIC) 4003.701
The information criteria are displayed in smaller-is-better form.
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Fixed Effects


Type III Tests of Fixed EffectsaType III Tests of Fixed Effects, table, 1 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 5 columns and 12 rows
Source Numerator df Denominator df F Sig.
Intercept 1 541 1508.383 .000
age85 1 541 7.799 .005
grip9 1 541 17.412 .000
sexMW 1 541.000 8.086 .005
demNF 1 541 13.717 .000
demNC 1 541 28.433 .000
age85 * grip9 1 541 9.163 .003
sexMW * demNF 1 541.000 .006 .937
sexMW * demNC 1 541 6.779 .009
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.
Estimates of Fixed EffectsaEstimates of Fixed Effects, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 8 columns and 13 rows
Parameter Estimate Std. Error df t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
Intercept 29.070146 .748499 541 38.838 .000 27.599825 30.540467
age85 -.334799 .119888 541 -2.793 .005 -.570301 -.099297
grip9 .617893 .148079 541 4.173 .000 .327012 .908774
sexMW -2.875594 1.011237 541.000 -2.844 .005 -4.862027 -.889162
demNF -6.055901 1.635126 541 -3.704 .000 -9.267875 -2.843927
demNC -11.970731 2.244954 541 -5.332 .000 -16.380625 -7.560836
age85 * grip9 .122152 .040353 541 3.027 .003 .042884 .201419
sexMW * demNF .164270 2.070475 541.000 .079 .937 -3.902886 4.231426
sexMW * demNC -7.875100 3.024536 541 -2.604 .009 -13.816374 -1.933825
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Covariance Parameters


Estimates of Covariance ParametersaEstimates of Covariance Parameters, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 7 columns and 5 rows
Parameter Estimate Std. Error Wald Z Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
Residual 85.972415 5.227277 16.447 .000 76.314059 96.853140
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 1 (Model R2 Test)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 13 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 -.334799 .119888 541 0 -2.793 .005 -.570301 -.099297
L2 .617893 .148079 541 0 4.173 .000 .327012 .908774
L3 -2.875594 1.011237 541.000 0 -2.844 .005 -4.862027 -.889162
L4 -6.055901 1.635126 541 0 -3.704 .000 -9.267875 -2.843927
L5 -11.970731 2.244954 541 0 -5.332 .000 -16.380625 -7.560836
L6 .122152 .040353 541 0 3.027 .003 .042884 .201419
L7 .164270 2.070475 541.000 0 .079 .937 -3.902886 4.231426
L8 -7.875100 3.024536 541 0 -2.604 .009 -13.816374 -1.933825
a. Model R2 Test
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.
Test of ContrastsaTest of Contrasts, table, 1 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 5 columns and 4 rows
Source Numerator df Denominator df F Sig.
Model R2 Test 8 541 28.767 .000
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 2 (Omnibus Dementia*Sex Interaction Test)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 7 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 .164270 2.070475 541.000 0 .079 .937 -3.902886 4.231426
L2 -7.875100 3.024536 541 0 -2.604 .009 -13.816374 -1.933825
a. Omnibus Dementia*Sex Interaction Test
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.
Test of ContrastsaTest of Contrasts, table, 1 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 5 columns and 4 rows
Source Numerator df Denominator df F Sig.
Omnibus Dementia*Sex Interaction Test 2 541.000 3.492 .031
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 3 (Sex Difference for No Dementia)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 6 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 -2.875594 1.011237 541.000 0 -2.844 .005 -4.862027 -.889162
a. Sex Difference for No Dementia
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 4 (Sex Difference for Future Dementia)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 6 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 -2.711324 1.874069 541 0 -1.447 .149 -6.392667 .970019
a. Sex Difference for Future Dementia
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 5 (Sex Difference for Current Dementia)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 6 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 -10.750694 2.899323 541 0 -3.708 .000 -16.446004 -5.055383
a. Sex Difference for Current Dementia
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 6 (None-Future Difference for Men)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 6 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 -6.055901 1.635126 541 0 -3.704 .000 -9.267875 -2.843927
a. None-Future Difference for Men
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 7 (None-Future Difference for Women)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 6 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 -5.891631 1.277761 541 0 -4.611 .000 -8.401612 -3.381651
a. None-Future Difference for Women
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 8 (None-Current Difference for Men)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 6 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 -11.970731 2.244954 541 0 -5.332 .000 -16.380625 -7.560836
a. None-Current Difference for Men
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 9 (None-Current Difference for Women)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 6 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 -19.845830 2.028583 541 0 -9.783 .000 -23.830695 -15.860965
a. None-Current Difference for Women
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 10 (Future-Current Difference for Men)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 6 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 -5.914829 2.586762 541 0 -2.287 .023 -10.996158 -.833500
a. Future-Current Difference for Men
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 11 (Future-Current Difference for Women)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 6 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 -13.954199 2.238917 541 0 -6.233 .000 -18.352235 -9.556162
a. Future-Current Difference for Women
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 12 (None-Future Sex Difference)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 6 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 .164270 2.070475 541.000 0 .079 .937 -3.902886 4.231426
a. None-Future Sex Difference
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 13 (None-Current Sex Difference)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 6 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 -7.875100 3.024536 541 0 -2.604 .009 -13.816374 -1.933825
a. None-Current Sex Difference
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Custom Hypothesis Test 14 (Future-Current Sex Difference)


Contrast Estimatesa,bContrast Estimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 6 rows
Contrast Estimate Std. Error df Test Value t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
L1 -8.039370 3.415165 541 0 -2.354 .019 -14.747978 -1.330761
a. Future-Current Sex Difference
b. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Eq 2.13: Final Reported Model; Categorical Variables for Sex and Dementia



Mixed Model Analysis


Model DimensionaModel Dimension, table, 1 levels of column headers and 2 levels of row headers, table with 4 columns and 12 rows
  Number of Levels Number of Parameters
Fixed Effects Intercept 1 1
age85 1 1
grip9 1 1
sexMW 2 1
demgroup 3 2
age85 * grip9 1 1
sexMW * demgroup 6 2
Residual   1
Total 15 10
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.
Information CriteriaaInformation Criteria, table, 0 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 2 columns and 8 rows
-2 Restricted Log Likelihood 3997.408
Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) 3999.408
Hurvich and Tsai's Criterion (AICC) 3999.415
Bozdogan's Criterion (CAIC) 4004.701
Schwarz's Bayesian Criterion (BIC) 4003.701
The information criteria are displayed in smaller-is-better form.
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Fixed Effects


Type III Tests of Fixed EffectsaType III Tests of Fixed Effects, table, 1 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 5 columns and 10 rows
Source Numerator df Denominator df F Sig.
Intercept 1 541.000 1156.005 .000
age85 1 541 7.799 .005
grip9 1 541 17.412 .000
sexMW 1 541 19.448 .000
demgroup 2 541.000 64.622 .000
age85 * grip9 1 541 9.163 .003
sexMW * demgroup 2 541.000 3.492 .031
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.
Estimates of Fixed EffectsaEstimates of Fixed Effects, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 8 columns and 20 rows
Parameter Estimate Std. Error df t Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
Intercept 6.348722 1.947880 541.000 3.259 .001 2.522386 10.175058
age85 -.334799 .119888 541 -2.793 .005 -.570301 -.099297
grip9 .617893 .148079 541 4.173 .000 .327012 .908774
[sexMW=0] 10.750694 2.899323 541 3.708 .000 5.055383 16.446004
[sexMW=1] 0b 0 . . . . .
[demgroup=1] 19.845830 2.028583 541.000 9.783 .000 15.860965 23.830695
[demgroup=2] 13.954199 2.238917 541 6.233 .000 9.556162 18.352235
[demgroup=3] 0b 0 . . . . .
age85 * grip9 .122152 .040353 541 3.027 .003 .042884 .201419
[sexMW=0] * [demgroup=1] -7.875100 3.024536 541 -2.604 .009 -13.816374 -1.933825
[sexMW=0] * [demgroup=2] -8.039370 3.415165 541 -2.354 .019 -14.747978 -1.330761
[sexMW=0] * [demgroup=3] 0b 0 . . . . .
[sexMW=1] * [demgroup=1] 0b 0 . . . . .
[sexMW=1] * [demgroup=2] 0b 0 . . . . .
[sexMW=1] * [demgroup=3] 0b 0 . . . . .
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.
b. This parameter is set to zero because it is redundant.


Covariance Parameters


Estimates of Covariance ParametersaEstimates of Covariance Parameters, table, 2 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 7 columns and 5 rows
Parameter Estimate Std. Error Wald Z Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
Residual 85.972415 5.227277 16.447 .000 76.314059 96.853140
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


Estimated Marginal Means



1. sexMW: Sex (0=Men, 1=Women) * demgroup: Dementia Diagnosis (1=None, 2=Future, 3=Current)


EstimatesaEstimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 2 levels of row headers, table with 7 columns and 11 rows
sexMW: Sex (0=Men, 1=Women) demgroup: Dementia Diagnosis (1=None, 2=Future, 3=Current) Mean Std. Error df 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
0 1None 29.070b .748 541 27.600 30.540
2Future 23.014b 1.493 541 20.082 25.947
3Current 17.099b 2.140 541.000 12.895 21.304
1 1None 26.195b .639 541 24.940 27.449
2Future 20.303b 1.119 541 18.106 22.500
3Current 6.349b 1.948 541.000 2.522 10.175
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.
b. Covariates appearing in the model are evaluated at the following values: age85: Age in Years (0=85) = .00, grip9: Grip Strength in Pounds (0=9) = .00.
Pairwise ComparisonsaPairwise Comparisons, table, 2 levels of column headers and 3 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 19 rows
sexMW: Sex (0=Men, 1=Women) (I) demgroup: Dementia Diagnosis (1=None, 2=Future, 3=Current) (J) demgroup: Dementia Diagnosis (1=None, 2=Future, 3=Current) Mean Difference (I-J) Std. Error df Sig.c 95% Confidence Interval for Differencec
Lower Bound Upper Bound
0 1None 2Future 6.056* 1.635 541.000 .000 2.844 9.268
3Current 11.971* 2.245 541 .000 7.561 16.381
2Future 1None -6.056* 1.635 541.000 .000 -9.268 -2.844
3Current 5.915* 2.587 541.000 .023 .834 10.996
3Current 1None -11.971* 2.245 541 .000 -16.381 -7.561
2Future -5.915* 2.587 541.000 .023 -10.996 -.834
1 1None 2Future 5.892* 1.278 541 .000 3.382 8.402
3Current 19.846* 2.029 541.000 .000 15.861 23.831
2Future 1None -5.892* 1.278 541 .000 -8.402 -3.382
3Current 13.954* 2.239 541 .000 9.556 18.352
3Current 1None -19.846* 2.029 541.000 .000 -23.831 -15.861
2Future -13.954* 2.239 541 .000 -18.352 -9.556
Based on estimated marginal means
*. The mean difference is significant at the .05 level.
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.
c. Adjustment for multiple comparisons: Least Significant Difference (equivalent to no adjustments).
Univariate TestsaUnivariate Tests, table, 1 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 5 columns and 6 rows
sexMW: Sex (0=Men, 1=Women) Numerator df Denominator df F Sig.
0 2 541.000 18.688 .000
1 2 541.000 53.157 .000
Each F tests the simple effects of demgroup: Dementia Diagnosis (1=None, 2=Future, 3=Current) within each level combination of the other effects shown. These tests are based on the linearly independent pairwise comparisons among the estimated marginal means.
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.


2. sexMW: Sex (0=Men, 1=Women) * demgroup: Dementia Diagnosis (1=None, 2=Future, 3=Current)


EstimatesaEstimates, table, 2 levels of column headers and 2 levels of row headers, table with 7 columns and 11 rows
sexMW: Sex (0=Men, 1=Women) demgroup: Dementia Diagnosis (1=None, 2=Future, 3=Current) Mean Std. Error df 95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
0 1None 29.070b .748 541 27.600 30.540
2Future 23.014b 1.493 541 20.082 25.947
3Current 17.099b 2.140 541.000 12.895 21.304
1 1None 26.195b .639 541 24.940 27.449
2Future 20.303b 1.119 541 18.106 22.500
3Current 6.349b 1.948 541.000 2.522 10.175
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.
b. Covariates appearing in the model are evaluated at the following values: age85: Age in Years (0=85) = .00, grip9: Grip Strength in Pounds (0=9) = .00.
Pairwise ComparisonsaPairwise Comparisons, table, 2 levels of column headers and 3 levels of row headers, table with 9 columns and 13 rows
demgroup: Dementia Diagnosis (1=None, 2=Future, 3=Current) (I) sexMW: Sex (0=Men, 1=Women) (J) sexMW: Sex (0=Men, 1=Women) Mean Difference (I-J) Std. Error df Sig.c 95% Confidence Interval for Differencec
Lower Bound Upper Bound
1None 0 1 2.876* 1.011 541 .005 .889 4.862
1 0 -2.876* 1.011 541 .005 -4.862 -.889
2Future 0 1 2.711 1.874 541 .149 -.970 6.393
1 0 -2.711 1.874 541 .149 -6.393 .970
3Current 0 1 10.751* 2.899 541 .000 5.055 16.446
1 0 -10.751* 2.899 541 .000 -16.446 -5.055
Based on estimated marginal means
*. The mean difference is significant at the .05 level.
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.
c. Adjustment for multiple comparisons: Least Significant Difference (equivalent to no adjustments).
Univariate TestsaUnivariate Tests, table, 1 levels of column headers and 1 levels of row headers, table with 5 columns and 7 rows
demgroup: Dementia Diagnosis (1=None, 2=Future, 3=Current) Numerator df Denominator df F Sig.
1None 1 541 8.086 .005
2Future 1 541 2.093 .149
3Current 1 541 13.749 .000
Each F tests the simple effects of sexMW: Sex (0=Men, 1=Women) within each level combination of the other effects shown. These tests are based on the linearly independent pairwise comparisons among the estimated marginal means.
a. Dependent Variable: cognition: Information Test Cognitive Outcome.